depression serotonin dopamine ADHD neurotransmitter "reuptake inhibitor"

In treatment of patients 65 years old and older for depression with reuptake inhibitor depression drugs results of all recent studies are the same. There is no relief of symptoms of depression with reuptake inhibitor depression drug treatment that is greater than a sugar pill, none. In fact doctors need to realize that in patients 65 years old and older with depression a sugar pill should be the drug of choice in treating depression since it is just as effective as reuptake inhibitor depression drugs, has much less side effects and costs much less.

Billabong World Championship of Surfing Bonsai Pipeline Oahu Hawaii

photo by Marty Hinz, MD

The neurotransmitter approach used in over 900 medical clinics

The serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor drugs used to treat depression and ADHD deplete serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine neurotransmitter levels causing them to become habit forming. On this web page is an in-depth look at what makes the reuptake inhibitor drugs used in depression and ADHD habit forming. How over come the habit, prevent depletion of serotonin and dopamine, and stop the reuptake inhibitor depression or ADHD drugs without relapse of depression or ADHD is found on other pages of this web site.

HOW ANTIDEPRESSANTS ARE HABIT FORMING

OVERVIEW OF THIS WEB PAGE

By: Marty Hinz, MD

President Clinical Research

NeuroResearch Clinics, Inc

The assertions regarding reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs found on this web site, are backed up by peer reviewed scientific literature posted on this web site.

The main drugs prescribed by doctors for treatment of depression are known as reuptake inhibitor depression drugs. This is a $20+ billion depression and ADHD industry world wide. L-dopa aka dopa

These drugs are no very effective. Original studies leading to FDA approval of these drugs were sponsored by the drug companies. Recent studies, not sponsored by drug companies, show that in the treatment of depression only about 7% of patients get relief of depression greater than a sugar pill (placebo). See the "Effectiveness" link on the upper right of this page.

Depression, ADHD, etc. and a host of other diseases occur when the serotonin, dopamine or norepinephrine neurotransmitter levels in the brain are not high enough. The National Institute of Drug Abuse on its web site notes reuptake inhibitor depression drugs deplete serotonin, dopamine or norepinephrine making the cause of depression worse, "not high enough serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels in the brain". These depression and ADHD drugs while attempting to treat the symptoms of depression and ADHD make the cause of the problem worse while not being very good at treating depression and ADHD in the first place.

The picture is bleak and the depression drugs companies are making a lot of money selling drugs where 93% of patients can expect relief of depression symptoms no better than a sugar pill (placebo).

As depletion of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine neurotransmitter levels occurs the depression patient becomes habituated to the depression or ADHD drug (they are habit forming). Due to depletion of serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels, every time the depression or ADHD patient attempts to stop these drugs they feel much worse as the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels in the synapses of the brain drop causing a situation where the depression or ADHD patient continues taking a drug that is making the cause of the problem worse, serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels not high enough to prevent disease such as depression, ADHD, etc.

If serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels are depleted enough the worst out come of depression may develop, suicide. The depression and ADHD drugs are required by the FDA to carry a suicide warning on their labeling. Make no mistake these depression drugs are not effective if you consider only 7% of patients getting results better than a sugar pill in treatment of depression not effective, they have serious side effects such as suicide. The reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs are the only class of drugs in medicine that doctors are allowed to use that makes the cause of the problem worse while trying to treat the symptoms, serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels that are not high enough.

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EFFECTIVENESS

An in-depth discussion on the effectiveness of reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs.

DEPLETION

An in-depth discussion on how +reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs deplete the neurotransmitter levels of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine.

HABIT FORMING

An in-depth discussion on why reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs are habit forming

REUPTAKE INHIBITOR DEPRESSION AND ADHD DRUGS:

This is a partial list.

Prozac

Zoloft

Luvox

Celexa

Lexapro

Effexor

Wellbutrin

Cymbalta

Paxil

Meridia

Amitriptyline

Nortriptyline

Serzone

Norpramin

Pritiq

Strattera

Asendin

Ludiomil

Zyban

Elavil

Sinequan

Phentermine

Tenuate

Bontril

Amphetamines

From the formal "Prozac Prescribing Information" for physicians

serotonin

HOW REUPTAKE INHIBITOR DEPRESSION AND ADHD DRUGS ARE HABIT FORMING

By: Marty Hinz, MD

President Clinical Research

NeuroResearch Clinics, Inc.

The serotonin and dopamine depression and ADHD drugs known as “reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs” have been in medicine for many years. In 1989 the first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor depression drug Prozac was released. Since Prozac was released many more serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs have found their way into medicine. The problems are once you understand how these serotonin and dopamine depression and ADHD drugs work the only reasonable conclusion that may be arrived at is, “What are we doing here to our serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels?”

In approval the FDA required the serotonin, dopamine, or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drug to prove it is safe and effective. Close scrutiny of the facts points away from safety and effectiveness of the serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs.

The following assertions are based by the medical science peer reviewed literature posted on this web site.

A quick overview of serotonin and dopamine reuptake inhibitor depression drugs is as follows. In treatment of adult depression only 7% to 13% of adults get results that are better those adults taking a sugar pill in the same study. In treatment of depression in the elderly (65 years old and older) serotonin and dopamine reuptake inhibitor depression drug studies have shown that these depression drugs offer no relief of depression over a sugar pill. When considering all age groups 7% of patients achieve relief better than a sugar pill when taking reuptake inhibitor depression drugs.

Low neurotransmitter levels of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine cause depression and ADHD. If the serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor depression drugs are given without simultaneously giving properly balanced nutrients tyrosine aka L-tyrosine, 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, and L-dopa aka dopa the reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs deplete (burnout) the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels making the real cause of depression and ADHD worse, low neurotransmitter levels of serotonin and dopamine. The worst case scenario in depression and ADHD is suicide. In suicide these are the patients with the lowest serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels in their system. All of these serotonin and dopamine reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs carry a warning that suicide may occur with their use. If the serotonin and dopamine reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs burn out the neurotransmitter levels enough the patient becomes suicidal.

Habituation:

Main Entry: ha·bit·u·a·tion

Pronunciation: \-ˌbi-chə-ˈwā-shən, -chü-ˈā-\

Function: noun

Date: 15th century

1: tolerance to the effects of a drug acquired through continued use

2: decrease in responsiveness upon repeated exposure to a stimulus

Reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs do nothing to increase the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels in the brain. They work by moving the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules from one place to another. In the process, they set up conditions that deplete serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules further making the real cause of the problem worse, serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels that are not high enough. This causes the depression or ADHD patient to experience habituation of the drug.

In medical studies on treatment of depression, the serotonin and dopamine reuptake inhibitor depression drugs only achieve relief of depression symptoms better than a sugar pill in about 1 out of 10 patients. Yet most depression patients end up taking these depression drugs for years. So what is happening here?

When serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine neurotransmitter levels are not high enough in the brain depression, ADHD, and many other illnesses develop. The serotonin an dopamine reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs do nothing to increase the number of serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules in the brain. They work by moving the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules from one place to another. In taking these depression and ADHD drugs, conditions are set up where the serotonin and dopamine reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs deplete the neurotransmitter levels of serotonin and dopamine making the real cause of the problem worse, low of the serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine neurotransmitter levels.

Taking the reuptake inhibitor depression or ADHD drug over time causes the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels drop lower and lower leading habituation of the reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs occurs (these drugs are habit forming). Once habituated to the serotonin and dopamine reuptake inhibitor depression or ADHD drugs if the patient tries to stop these drugs, they feel worse due to the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels being burnt out by these reuptake inhibitor depression or ADHD drugs and the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels dropping even lower in the synapses of the brain when the reuptake inhibitor depression or ADHD drug is stopped. Then depression or ADHD patient either can’t stop the drug or doesn’t want to stop the drug. The only way to increase serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine neurotransmitter levels in the brain is through administration of properly the balanced nutrients 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, tyrosine aka L-tyrosine, and L-dopa aka dopa. This has been found to be an effective technique in treating depression or ADHD patients habituated to serotonin and dopamine reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs.

As the serotonin and dopamine reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs burn out the serotonin an dopamine neurotransmitter levels, sooner or later the depression or ADHD patient may desire to get off the drug. The first step to restoring the depleted serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels in clinic is with the nutrients 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, tyrosine aka L-tyrosine, and L-dopa aka dopa. The second step is to taper the patient off the serotonin or dopamine reuptake inhibitor depression or ADHD drug.

Once symptoms are under control with the 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, tyrosine aka L-tyrosine, and L-dopa aka dopa, slowly taper the serotonin or dopamine reuptake inhibitor depression drug out and adjust the 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, tyrosine aka L-tyrosine, and L-dopa aka dopa further if symptoms return with a dosing decrease.

These seemingly innocuous depression or ADHD drugs, the serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs, in most patients make the real cause of their suffering worse, low levels of serotonin, dopamine and/or norepinephrine, and in the process habituates the depression or ADHD patient to the depression or ADHD drug. When the depression or ADHD patient tries to stop the serotonin or dopamine reuptake inhibitor depression or ADHD drug they feel worse because the depression or ADHD drug has burned out their serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels. When serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels become burned out the symptoms of disease such as depression, ADHD, etc. get worse. If the burn out of serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels is severe enough suicide in depression and ADHD treatment may occur.

The neurotransmitter molecules serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine do not cross the the partition between the peripheral blood and the brain known as the blood brain barrier. The only way to increase serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels in the brain is by giving the nutrients needed by the body to build serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules such as 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, tyrosine aka L-tyrosine and L-dopa aka dopa. In giving 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, tyrosine aka L-tyrosine, and L-dopa aka dopa they need to be administered in proper balance. If not administered in proper balance 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, tyrosine aka L-tyrosine, and L-dopa aka dopa can deplete serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels as well. This is delicate balance, when it is perfect, the depression or ADHD patient feels great, when it is not the depression or ADHD patient suffers. In depression or ADHD patients that want to get off serotonin or dopamine reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs but don't like the way they feel when they stop the depression or ADHD drug properly balance 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, tyrosine aka L-tyrosine, and L-dopa aka dopa is the only option.

5-HTP

HOW REUPTAKE INHIBITOR DEPRESSION AND ADHD DRUGS DEPLETE SEROTONIN AND DOPAMINE NEUROTRANSMITTER LEVELS

Hinz, M. Depression in I. Kohlstadt (ed.) Food and Nutrients in Disease Management (CRC Press, 2009)

Pictures from the National Institute of Drug Abuse web site

IV: PHARMACOLOGY:

A. 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, L-DOPA aka dopa, AND TYROSINE aka L-tyrosine

Treatment of depression and ADHD , as well as any other serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter diseases, is not possible through the direct administration of serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules. This is due to the fact that serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules do not cross the blood brain barrier, as depicted in figure 1. The only way to increase the levels of central nervous system serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules is to provide 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, tyrosine aka L-tyrosine, and L-dopa aka dopa, which cross the blood brain barrier and are synthesized into their respective serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules by pre-synaptic neurons.

Reuptake inhibitors deplete neurotransmitters

Figure 1: The monoamine neurotransmitter molecules serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine do not cross the blood brain barrier therefore peripheral administration of the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules will not increase central nervous system serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels. The 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, tyrosine aka L-tyrosine, and L-dopa aka dopa precursors of the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules do cross the blood brain barrier. The only way to increase central nervous system serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels is through administration of 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, tyrosine aka L-tyrosine, and L-dopa aka dopa precursors.

B. REUPTAKE INHIBITOR DEPRESSION AND ADHD DRUG DEPLETION OF SEROTONIN AND DOPAMINE

The National Institute of Drug Abuse presents a detailed discussion on its website on how reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs deplete neurotransmitter levels. Medicines used to treat depression and ADHD are not the only drugs that block serotonin and dopamine reuptake; cocaine and amphetamines block serotonin and dopamine reuptake as well.Reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs block the uptake of serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules back into the pre-synaptic neuron. In doing so, synaptic serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels are increased. As synaptic serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels rise, relief of depression, ADHD, and other symptoms is observed.

Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) and the Catecholamine O-Methyl Transferase (COMT) enzymes metabolize serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine neurotransmitter molecules. The serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules are relatively stable and are not metabolize until they come in contact with the MAO and COMT enzymes. When serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules are in the vesicles of the pre-synaptic neuron, they are not exposed to metabolism by the MAO and COMT enzymes; they are safe and stable. When serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules are in the synapse between the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neuron, they are exposed to enzymatic metabolism, which leads to the depletion of serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules if proper levels of 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, tyrosine aka L-tyrosine, and L-dopa aka dopa precursors are not administered to compensate for this process.²⁴

In depression and ADHD patients, synaptic serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels are not high enough to prevent disease symptoms such as depression, ADHD, etc., as illustrated in figure 2. Treatment with reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs leads to a decrease in presynaptic serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels where they are safe from enzymatic metabolism and an increase in the number of serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules in the synapse, as illustrated in figure 2. The blocking of neurotransmitter reuptake of serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules increases synaptic serotonin and dopamine levels and the probability that serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules will experience enzymatic metabolism.

Figure 2: Titled: “The effects of reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs on serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels, reuptake inhibition may deplete serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels.” In the left picture, prior to treatment, serotonin or dopamine neurotransmitter levels are not high enough to prevent symptoms of disease such as depression, ADHD, etc. In the center picture, serotonin or dopamine reuptake is blocked, serotonin or dopamine neurotransmitter molecules move from the vesicles of the pre-synaptic neuron to the synapse. In the right picture, the serotonin or dopamine neurotransmitter molecules are depleted, the increase in synaptic serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels results in an increase in MAO and COMT metabolism. Source of picture: The National Institute of Drug Abuse.

With regards to figure 2, the net effect of enzymatic metabolism is the depletion of serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels in the central nervous system. Serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules do not cross the blood brain barrier. Therefore, the only way to increase central nervous system levels or to prevent the overall depletion of serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules when administering prescription drugs that block reuptake is to provide properly balanced 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, tyrosine aka L-tyrosine, and L-dopa aka dopa precursors, which are then synthesized into new serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules. Administering L-tyrosine aka L-tyrosine (not phenylalanine or n-acetyl-tyrosine aka L-tyrosine) or L-dopa aka dopa is the only way to predictably raise dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine neurotransmitter levels. Administering tryptophan or 5-hydroxytryptophan [5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP] is the only way to predictably raise serotonin neurotransmitter levels in the central nervous system. It is noted that 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, L-dopa aka dopa and tyrosine aka L-tyrosine are available in the United States without a prescription. The ability of tryptophan to raise serotonin levels is limited because it is a rate-limited reaction.

The effects of serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter depletion by depression and ADHD drugs may have far ranging implications. It has been found in studies that depletion of serotonin neurotransmitter levels by depression or ADHD drugs may also lead to a reduction the number of serotonin synapses in the hippocampus.

dopamine

Neurons in the brain

Reuptake inhibitor depression drugs

Currently Available

SSRIs: Selective Serotonin Reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs.

citalopram (Celexa, Cipramil, Emocal, Sepram)

duloxetine (Cymbalta)

fluoxetine (Prozac, Fontex, Seromex, Seronil, Sarafem)

fluoxetine (Prozac, Fontex, Seromex, Seronil, Sarafem)

escitalopram oxalate (Lexapro, Cipralex, Esertia)

fluvoxamine maleate (Luvox, Faverin, Dumyrox)

sertraline (Zoloft, Lustral, Serlain)

paroxetine (Paxil, Seroxat, Aropax, Deroxat, Rexetin)

SNRIs: Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs.

venlafaxine (Effexor XR, Effexor)

desvenlafaxine (tradename Pristiq)

sibutramine (Meridia, Reductil)

nefazodone (Serzone)

desipramine (Norpramine, Pertofraneis)

milnacipran (Dalcipran/ Portugal; Ixel/ France)

duloxetine (Cymbalta)

NRIs: Norepinephrine Reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs.

Atomoxetine (Strattera)

Reboxetine (Edronax)

Viloxazine (Vivalan)

Maprotiline (Ludiomil)

Nortriptyline (Nortrilen)

Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban)

Tricyclic Antidepressants: non-specific reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs.

Amitriptyline ( Elavil, Tryptanol, Endep, Elatrol, Tryptizol, Trepiline, Laroxyl)

Amoxapine (Asendin, Asendis, Defanyl, Demolox, Moxadil)

Imipramine (Antideprin, Deprenil, Deprimin, Deprinol, Depsonil, Dynaprin, Eupramin, Imipramil, Irmin, Janimine, Melipramin, Surplix, Tofranil)

Doxepin (Aponal, Adapine, Sinquan, Sinequan

Trimipramine (Stangyl, Surmontil, Rhotrimine)

Nortriptyline (Sensoval, Aventyl, Pamelor and Nortrilen.

Desipramine (brand names Norpramin and Pertofrane)

perspec

Perspective

Reuptake Inhibitor Depression and ADHD Drugs

By: Marty Hinz, MD

President Clinical Research

NeuroResearch Clinics, Inc.

The brain neurons

What if?

What if there was a class of drugs used to treat a specific disease such as depression or ADHD where only 7% of patients achieved relief better than a sugar pill? What if doctors were prescribing these depression or ADHD drugs to people over 60 years old and studies showed that none of the patients in that age group achieved relief greater than a sugar pill (placebo)? What if the depression or ADHD drugs prescribed made the real cause of the problem worse rather then provide relief of the symptoms of the disease such as depression or ADHD while being prescribed for relief of symptoms of disease such as depression or ADHD? What if the depression or ADHD drugs set up conditions where the patients wanted to take the drug on a long term basis because every time they tried to stop they felt worse, but the feeling worse was brought about by depletion of serotonin and dopamine by the prescribed depression or ADHD drugs?

Drugs such as this are among us right now and being actively prescribed every day by physicians through out the world. In various studies of the depression drugs 30 to 40% of patients taking a sugar pill achieved relief of depression symptoms while on average, only 7% of depression patients taking the prescribed depression medication actually achieve relief of depression symptoms greater than the sugar pill.

A Problem

The serotonin and dopamine reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drug business represent a $20+ billion a year industry on a world wide basis. The first serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor depression drugs were known as "nonspecific reuptake inhibitor depression drugs" or "tricyclic antidepressants." These first depression drugs were introduced to medicine into 1958. The first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor depression drug was introduced in the United States in 1989 in the form of Prozac. As a medical doctor with 36 years in medicine I have written thousands of prescriptions for these serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor depression drugs. Each year millions of prescriptions for the depression and ADHD reuptake inhibitor drugs are written.

In order to receive approval, a depression or ADHD drug must demonstrate that it is safe and effective. Normally, one would think effective means that a depression or ADHD drug would show significantly better results in treatment of depression or ADHD than a sugar pill. This is not the case with the serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs in the treatment of depression. Posted on the "effectiveness" link at the top right of this page is "20 double blind placebo controlled depression studies involving 5,972 patients. When the results of these 20 depression studies are taken as a whole, approximately 7% of patients (423 patients) showed relief of depression symptoms greater than sugar pills (placebo) in the treatment of depression. The placebo effect is extremely large in these depression studies; 30% to 40% of patients obtain relief of depression symptoms from taking a sugar pill. The moral of the story is just because the patient's depression symptoms gets better dose not mean it was the depression drug that did it.

The National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) web site contains a discussion on how reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs deplete serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules. Serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels that are not high enough to allow the system to function normally cause disease such as depression, ADHD, etc. A copy of the NIDA slides can be found on the hyperlink to the right. Over time, reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs deplete serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules even further, resulting in the real cause of serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter dysfunction to worsen, levels of serotonin and dopamine that are not high enough to cause disease such as depression, ADHD, etc. So, what is observed in clinic with a patient who has symptoms of depleted serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules?

NIDA slides >> depletion by drugs

The answer is two-fold. If the patient begins traditional treatment with severe serotonin and/or dopamine neurotransmitter depletion, disease such as depression, ADHD, etc. symptoms will show little to no improvement. Overtime, for depression and ADHD patients who initially experienced successful treatment with prescription drugs, the prescription depression and ADHD drugs will deplete serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels. Eventually they will complain that the control of their disease such as depression, ADHD, etc. symptoms has ceased. Both examples are due to that fact that depression and ADHD prescriptions used to mediate serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter movement can not perform synaptic changes if there are not enough serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules in the system to begin with which to work.

Serotonin and dopamine reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs do not increase serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecule levels in the brain. Serotonin and dopamine reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs work by moving serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules within the brain. In the process of moving this causes serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules to be more vulnerable to metabolism and destruction. The long-term effect is serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter depletion. The outcome of the traditional clinical treatment actually increases the problem causing the disease such depression, ADHD, etc., serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels that are not high enough to prevent depression and ADHD symptoms.

The number one use of serotonin and dopamine reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs in medicine is for the treatment of depression and ADHD . This begs the question, “If only 7% of patients prescribed depression drugs for depression are likely to obtain improvement greater than a sugar pill (placebo), why are there so many people on these depression drugs?" The answer to this question paints a grim picture for the reuptake inhibitor depression industry.

Patients are prescribed serotonin and dopamine reuptake inhibitor depression or ADHD drugs for depression or ADHD. Overtime, the drug depletes serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules. Then, when the patients try to stop using the depression or ADHD drug they are habituated to the depression or ADHD drug and the full effects of depleted serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules are observed. A problem that wasmade worse by the depression or ADHD drug. The patient feels worse. The depression and ADHD drug has effectively created a condition where patients do not want to stop the drug because of the way they feel.

Blood Brain Barrier

The serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitter molecules do not cross the blood brain barrier (see the hyperlink to the left). The only way to increase serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels in the brain is by administering the 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, tyrosine aka L-tyrosine, and L-dopa aka dopa needed by the brain to synthesize the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules. The 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, tyrosine aka L-tyrosine, and L-dopa aka dopa has the ability to increase serotonin and dopamine levels higher than is needed for relief of depression and ADHD symptoms.

With this in mind, "Why haven't 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, tyrosine aka L-tyrosine, and L-dopa aka dopa in the past shown greater potential in medical care when treating diseases such as depression, ADHD, etc. which are caused by insufficient serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter levels?" The 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, tyrosine aka L-tyrosine, and L-dopa aka dopa nutrients needed for the synthesis of serotonin and the dopamine need to be provided in proper balance to be effective. In some patients, this means medical urinary serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter laboratory testing may be needed to determine the proper balance.

So, what does this mean for prescribing serotonin and dopamine reuptake inhibitor depression and ADHD drugs? If you feel you need to prescribe them in severe cases, such as in suicidal patients or patients who are having trouble with day-to-day activities such as getting to work, use them. If you do make the decision to prescribe depression and ADHD drugs, use them with properly balanced precursors 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, tyrosine aka L-tyrosine, and L-dopa aka dopa to prevent depletion of serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules by the drugs.

It is important to remember that properly balanced 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, tyrosine aka L-tyrosine, and L-dopa aka dopa are necessary. If precursors 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, tyrosine aka L-tyrosine, L-dopa aka dopa are not in proper balance they can deplete the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter molecules as well. Serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter depletion results in disease symptoms such as depression, ADHD, etc. worsening, causing patients to report that they do not feel well. In summary, It appears that medical providers are just starting to understand the various causes and effects of serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter depletion but for most they continue to use depression and ADHD drugs the deplete serotonin and dopamine in disease such as depression, ADHD, etc. and cause the low levels of serotonin and dopamine to become lower.

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DISCLAIMER: NeuroResearch is a research company that provides speakers to programs for AMA category I continuing medical education (CME) for physicians, continuing education for psychologists approved by the American Psychological Association, and licenses intellectual property for use. The NeuroResearch formulas and theory of medicine is designed for the use of combining 5-HTP aka 5HTP or 5 HTP, tyrosine aka L-tyrosine, and L-dopa aka dopa precursors of the serotonin and catecholamine systems. The formulas are intended to be used as nutritional supplements and not as a drug to treat, mitigate, treat, cure, or prevent disease. This web site is intended to be educational purposes only. Constantly we receive e-mails from people who are not licensed health care providers. We wish we could answer them, but the new telemedicine laws that were recently legislated (and put in place) prohibit us from providing advice directly to people with no medical license or providing medical care over the Internet.